Trigonometry - The six trigonometric functions
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sine (theta) = opposite/hypotenuse = y/r,
cosine (theta) = adjacent/hypotenuse = x/r,
tangent (theta) = opposite/adjacent = y/x,
cosecant (theta) = hypotenuse/opposite = r/y,
secant (theta) = hypotenuse/adjacent = r/x,
cotangent (theta) = adjacent/opposite = x/y.